Questão 31 · Língua Inglesa: Interpretação de textos
Texto associado à questão
Text 1A4-I
By the middle years of the 20th century, the optimistic story of limitless progress through scientific and technological advance came to be rivalled and sometimes overshadowed by a much more pessimistic, even apocalyptic vision of the trajectory of the modern project. It began to seem increasingly possible that technology would come to master its creators and carry humanity toward unforeseen and possibly catastrophic outcomes.
Premonitions of technological wizardry leading to disasters are extremely old, dating back at least to the myth of Icarus, who is said to have fatally fallen into the sea after flying too close to the sun on wings his father, Daedalus, constructed.
As the Industrial Revolution gathered steam, dark anticipations became increasingly widespread, in works such as Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein; or, the Modern Prometheus and Karel Capek’s R.U.R. Perhaps technology, not man, was “in the saddle,” as Henry Adams worried. And perhaps machines, becoming ever more capable and interconnected, were the next step in the evolution of life, destined to dominate and eventually eliminate humanity, as Samuel Butler warned. The contours of the future, H. G. Wells announced in one of his famous lectures, “The Discovery of the Future,” were difficult to discern but would surely be unlike the past or the present, and definitely included disasters of new types and magnitudes.
In the ghastly world wars, technological advances empowered barbarism on a new scale, destroying the credibility of the simple modernist faith that more potent tools are a straight path to human betterment. Rather, technological advance has produced a cornucopia of double-edged swords, with amplified possibilities for both progress and disaster. A growing herd of horsemen of the anthropogenic apocalypse have ominously appeared on the human horizon of possibility: nuclear weapons, genetic engineering, total surveillance despotism, runaway artificial intelligence, and rampant environmental decay.
Daniel Deudney. Dark Skies: Space Expansionism, Planetary Geopolitics, and the Ends of Humanity. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020 (adapted).
In the last paragraph of text 1A4-I, the
- A) excerpt “rampant environmental decay” (last sentence) refers to the natural decline earth environment is likely to go through.
- B) word “Rather” (second sentence) introduces a statement that adds a complement to what came before it.
- C) word “cornucopia” (second sentence) describes the shape of the “double-edged swords”.
- D) word “runaway” (last sentence) is describing a kind of artificial intelligence that is out of control.
- E) fragment “A growing herd of horsemen” (last sentence) is a description of groups of giant men riding horses.
Marque a alternativa correta:
Gabarito: D
Gabarito definitivo divulgado pela banca Cebraspe (AEB 2025).
Comentário
Gabarito: D.
Em "runaway artificial intelligence", runaway qualifica a inteligência artificial como aquela que está fora de controle, descontrolada, o que combina com a ideia do texto de tecnologia que passa a dominar seus criadores.
- A: o texto abre a lista com "horsemen of the anthropogenic apocalypse", isto é, ameaças de origem humana; rampant environmental decay é degradação ambiental descontrolada ligada à ação humana, não um declínio natural da Terra.
- B: Rather introduz contraste: nega a ideia anterior de que ferramentas mais potentes levam diretamente ao progresso, e afirma que a tecnologia produziu "espadas de dois gumes". Não acrescenta um complemento.
- C: cornucopia significa abundância; indica a grande quantidade de "double-edged swords" (tecnologias que trazem progresso e desastre), e não o formato delas.
- E: horsemen está em sentido figurado (alusão aos cavaleiros do Apocalipse) e representa as ameaças listadas depois dos dois-pontos, não grupos de homens gigantes a cavalo.
Dica: leia metáforas e conectivos pela função que têm no texto: Rather contrasta e horsemen simboliza ameaças.
Fundamentos: Texto 1A4-I, último parágrafo (runaway artificial intelligence; metáfora dos horsemen)
Comentário gerado pela Cravei IA a partir do enunciado e do gabarito definitivo divulgado pela banca, e conferido por uma verificação automática. A IA pode errar: o gabarito oficial sempre prevalece.
Fonte: prova Cebraspe AEB 2025 (Analista em Ciência e Tecnologia Júnior – Especialidade: Cooperação Internacional), questão 31, com o gabarito definitivo da banca. Comentário: Equipe Cravei · como fazemos e revisamos.