Questão 50 · Língua Inglesa: Vocabulário
Texto associado à questão
Text 9A2DDD
The average english speaker’s vocabulary Because experts disagree about what constitutes a word, it is difficult to count the number of words people know.
The simple word run, for example, can be transformed by adding suffixes to produce the nouns runner and running. Are these distinct words? Furthermore, run has many meanings.
Does each meaning count as a different word?
Estimates of an individual’s word knowledge must also consider the difference between active vocabulary — the words a person can use — and passive or receptive vocabulary — the words a person can recognize or understand in print or when other speakers use them. The receptive vocabulary of native speakers and second language learners alike is much larger than their active vocabulary.
Some studies suggest that by the time they start Kindergarten, English-speaking children know about 1,000 words and add this total at the rate of about 1,000 words a year.
By the age of eight, most students have a vocabulary of 4,000 to 5,000 words. According to some estimates, the average undergraduate enrolling at university has acquired a vocabulary of about 15,000 word families, which are related words such as educate, education, educated and educational.
Elizabeth Coelho and Dyanne Rivers. Adding English: a guide to teaching in multilingual classrooms. Toronto: Pippin, 2004, p. 91 (adapted).
In text 9A2DDD, in the clause “Furthermore, run has many meanings” (R.5), the word “Furthermore” can be correctly replaced by
- A) In addition.
- B) Nevertheless.
- C) As a matter of fact.
- D) Then.
- E) Because.
Marque a alternativa correta:
Gabarito: A
Gabarito definitivo divulgado pela banca Cebraspe (PREF/SAOLUIS 2017).
Comentário
Gabarito: A.
Furthermore é um conector aditivo, usado para acrescentar uma informação a outra já apresentada. No trecho, a frase anterior questiona se “runner” e “running” são palavras distintas, e a frase seguinte acrescenta que “run has many meanings”. Essa função de acréscimo corresponde exatamente a In addition.
- B) Nevertheless: indica contraste (“no entanto”), o que não faz sentido aqui.
- C) As a matter of fact: indica confirmação ou ênfase de algo já dito, não acréscimo de nova informação.
- D) Then: indica sequência temporal, o que não se aplica.
- E) Because: indica causa, mas a frase não explica o motivo da afirmação anterior.
Dica: conectores aditivos (furthermore, moreover, in addition) são intercambiáveis; os de contraste (nevertheless, however) são a principal armadilha.
Fundamentos: Texto-base, R.5: “Furthermore, run has many meanings” · Conectores: furthermore = in addition (função aditiva)
Comentário gerado pela Cravei IA a partir do enunciado e do gabarito definitivo divulgado pela banca, e conferido por uma verificação automática. A IA pode errar: o gabarito oficial sempre prevalece.
Fonte: prova Cebraspe PREF/SAOLUIS 2017 (Professor Nível Superior/PNS – A – Especialidade: Língua Inglesa), questão 50, com o gabarito definitivo da banca. Comentário: Equipe Cravei · como fazemos e revisamos.