Questão 7 · Língua Inglesa: Gramática
Texto associado à questão
Text CB1A2
Spending time in space and having an unrivalled view of planet Earth is an experience many of us dream of, but the human body evolved to function in the gravity of Earth. So fully recovering from spending time in the weightlessness of space can take years.
“It’s a fact that space is by far the most extreme environment that humans have ever encountered and we’ve just not evolved to handle the extreme conditions,” Professor Damian Bailey, who studies human physiology, says. To begin with, the heart and blood vessels have an easier time as they no longer have to pump blood against gravity — and they start to weaken.
And the bones become weaker and more brittle. There should be a balance between the cells breaking down old bone and those making new, but that balance is disrupted without the feedback and resistance of working against gravity. “Every month, about 1% of bones and muscles are going to wither away — it’s accelerated ageing,” Professor Bailey says.
Microgravity also distorts the vestibular system, which is how you balance and sense which way is up. In space, there is no up, down or sideways. It can be disorientating when you go up — and again when you return to Earth.
James Gallagher. What nine months in space does to the human body.
Internet: <bbc.com> (adapted).
Considering the second paragraph of text CB1A2, choose the correct option.
- A) In the excerpt ‘it’s accelerated ageing’, the word ‘it’ is a singular pronoun replacing ‘1% of bones and muscles’.
- B) In the fragment ‘It’s a fact that space is by far the most extreme environment that humans have ever encountered’, ‘that’ is a pronoun replacing the word ‘It’.
- C) In “Professor Damian Bailey, who studies human physiology”, omitting the comma would not change the meaning of the fragment or harm its correctness.
- D) In the fragment “There should be a balance between the cells breaking down old bone and those making new”, the word “those” refers to the cells that make bones smaller.
- E) In the second sentence of the paragraph, both occurrences of the pronoun “they” refer to “the heart and blood vessels”.
Marque a alternativa correta:
Gabarito: E
Gabarito definitivo divulgado pela banca Cebraspe (AEB 2025).
Comentário
Gabarito: E.
No segundo parágrafo, a segunda frase é "To begin with, the heart and blood vessels have an easier time as they no longer have to pump blood against gravity — and they start to weaken." Os dois "they" retomam "the heart and blood vessels": eles já não precisam bombear o sangue contra a gravidade, e eles começam a enfraquecer. A alternativa E é a correta.
- A: "it" em "it's accelerated ageing" não substitui "1% of bones and muscles"; refere-se ao processo descrito antes, o definhamento de ossos e músculos, que o professor chama de envelhecimento acelerado.
- B: em "It's a fact that space is...", "It" é sujeito formal da oração e "that" é conjunção que introduz a oração com o conteúdo do fato; "that" não é pronome que substitui "It".
- C: com a vírgula, a oração "who studies human physiology" é explicativa e só acrescenta informação sobre Bailey; sem a vírgula, ela passaria a restringir de qual Professor Damian Bailey se fala, mudando o sentido.
- D: "those" retoma "the cells" e, na expressão "those making new", refere-se às células que formam osso novo, e não a células que tornam os ossos menores.
Dica: em referência pronominal, identifique o termo que o pronome retoma pelo sentido da frase e pela concordância em número; e lembre que a vírgula separa orações adjetivas explicativas das restritivas.
Fundamentos: Texto CB1A2: referência do pronome “they” ao sujeito “the heart and blood vessels” · Gramática: oração relativa explicativa e restritiva (vírgulas)
Comentário gerado pela Cravei IA a partir do enunciado e do gabarito definitivo divulgado pela banca, e conferido por uma verificação automática. A IA pode errar: o gabarito oficial sempre prevalece.
Fonte: prova Cebraspe AEB 2025 (Diversos cargos), questão 7, com o gabarito definitivo da banca. Comentário: Equipe Cravei · como fazemos e revisamos.