Questão 34 · Língua Inglesa: Gramática
Texto associado à questão
Text 22A1-II
Do not rely on facial expressions for how people are feeling A smile does not always mean someone is happy Aristotle reckoned the face was a window onto a person’s mind. Two millennia on, facial expressions are still commonly thought to be a universally valid way to gauge other people’s feelings, irrespective of age, sex and culture. A raised eyebrow suggests confusion. A smile denotes happiness. A frown indicates sadness.
Or do they? An analysis of hundreds of research papers that examined the relationship between facial expressions and underlying emotions has uncovered a surprising conclusion: there is no good scientific evidence to suggest that there are such things as recognisable facial expressions for basic emotions which are universal across cultures. Just because a person is not smiling, the researchers found, does not mean that person is unhappy.
Dr Feldman Barrett, a psychologist at Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts, along with her colleagues found that, on average, adults in urban cultures scowled when they were angry 30% of the time. Which meant that some 70% of the time they did not scowl when angry. Instead, they did something else with their faces. People also scowled when they were not angry. “They scowl when they’re concentrating, they scowl when someone tells them a bad joke, they scowl when they don't feel well, and so on,” says Dr Feldman Barrett.
A scowl, the researchers concluded, is certainly one expression of anger. But it is not the only way people express that emotion. The ambiguous nature of facial expressions was not restricted to anger, but seemed valid for all six of the emotional categories that they examined: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise.
The economist. science & technology. Feb 20th 2020 edition. Internet: <www.economist.com> (adapted).
About text 22A1-II, choose the correct option.
- A) In line 4, “irrespective of” can be correctly replaced with intertwined with in terms of meaning.
- B) In “which are universal across cultures” (R. 12 and 13), “which” refers to “basic emotions” (R.12).
- C) In line 19, the two occurrences of “they” replace “adults in urban cultures” (R.17).
- D) In line 19, “Instead” can be correctly replaced with In spite of this in terms of meaning.
- E) In “But it is not the only way people express that emotion.” (R. 25 and 26), “it” and “that” refer to “anger” (R.25).
Marque a alternativa correta:
Gabarito: C
Gabarito definitivo divulgado pela banca Cebraspe (PREF/BARRA/COQUEIROS 2020).
Comentário
Gabarito: C.
A alternativa C é a correta. Na frase “They scowl when they’re concentrating”, os dois “they” retomam as pessoas que a pesquisa observou, isto é, “adults in urban cultures” (linha 17). Substituir “they” por essa expressão mantém o sentido e a correção gramatical da frase.
As demais estão erradas:
- (A) Errada: “irrespective of” significa “independentemente de”, e não pode ser trocado por “intertwined with”, que significa “entrelaçado com”.
- (B) Errada: “which” refere-se às expressões faciais reconhecíveis, que são universais, e não ao conceito de “basic emotions”.
- (D) Errada: “Instead” significa “em vez disso”, e não “apesar disso”, que é o sentido de “in spite of this”.
- (E) Errada: no trecho, “it” retoma “a scowl” (o franzir), e não “anger”; por isso “it” não se refere à raiva.
Dica: ao trocar pronomes, verifique o antecedente mais próximo e se ele concorda em número e sentido com o pronome.
Fundamentos: Texto em inglês: The Economist, 20/02/2020 (trecho do lote) · Referência pronominal e conectivos em inglês
Comentário gerado pela Cravei IA a partir do enunciado e do gabarito definitivo divulgado pela banca, e conferido por uma verificação automática. A IA pode errar: o gabarito oficial sempre prevalece.
Fonte: prova Cebraspe PREF/BARRA/COQUEIROS 2020 (Diversos cargos), questão 34, com o gabarito definitivo da banca. Comentário: Equipe Cravei · como fazemos e revisamos.